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目的分析深圳市南山区2014年手足口病(HFMD)流行病学特征,为手足口病防控工作提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对南山区手足口流行时间、空间、人群分布和手足口病例临床特征进行分析,应用Real-time RT-PCR技术对手足口病暴发疫情的主要病原体进行检测。结果 2014年南山区手足口病流行每年存在2个高峰,约第17~27周(5-7月)出现全年第一个发病高峰,约第36~40周(9-10月)出现第二个发病高峰。病例人群男性多于女性(1.6∶1),0~4岁年龄组病例最多,占病例总数的85.6%,病例大多伴发热,出现典型的皮疹,并发症中以神经系统为主。病原体检测中EV71阳性率最高,占43.5%。结论南山区手足口病流行有夏秋季节高发的特点,病例以0~4岁年龄组幼童为主,以EV71感染多见。因此,需加强手足口病监测,有效预防手足口病流行或暴发。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in 2014 in Nanshan District, Shenzhen, and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of HFMD. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the prevalence of hand, foot and pops in Nanshan District, and the clinical characteristics of hand, foot and mouth were analyzed. Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect the major pathogens of outbreaks of hand-foot-mouth disease. Results The prevalence of HFMD in Nanshan District had two peaks every year in 2014, with the first peak of the year around the 17th to 27th weeks (May-July), and the first peak appeared in the year from the 36th to the 40th week (September to October) Two peak incidence. There were more males than females (1.6: 1) in the case group, with the highest incidence in the 0-4 age group, accounting for 85.6% of the total number of cases. Most of the cases were accompanied by fever, with typical rashes and nervous system complications. The highest positive rate of pathogens in EV71, accounting for 43.5%. Conclusion The prevalence of hand, foot and mouth disease in Nanshan District is characterized by high summer and autumn seasons. The cases are mainly young children aged 0-4 years old, and EV71 infection is more common. Therefore, the need to strengthen hand-foot-mouth disease monitoring, effective prevention of hand-foot-mouth disease epidemic or outbreak.