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黄土高原土壤侵蚀问题举世瞩目,已成为黄土高原经济社会发展的主要障碍和主要的生态环境问题,其中以水力侵蚀最为严重,水力侵蚀面积已超过总面积的一半。掌握降雨产流原理及发展规律对从根本上防治水土流失提供科学依据,本文以西北黄土区蔡家川流域柳沟嵌套小流域为研究对象,在GIS平台下进行了水文地形因子的提取,通过改进前人分布式水文模型分别实现了对场强降雨过程的林冠截留、枯落物截留、土壤下渗及产汇流4个过程模型构建和计算,经与观测值对照证明模型具有较高的精度,能较精确地模拟降雨过程中的真实径流量,最后基于GIS实现了对场降雨产流过程的三维虚拟仿真模拟,使以往的降雨过程能进行重演、未来的降雨过程能进行预测,为制定相应的水土保持措施提供了科学的依据。
Soil erosion in the Loess Plateau has attracted worldwide attention and has become a major obstacle to economic and social development in the Loess Plateau and its major ecological and environmental problems. Among them, the most serious is water erosion, and the area of hydraulic erosion has exceeded half of the total area. Grasp the principle and development of rainfall runoff to provide a scientific basis for the fundamental prevention and control of soil erosion. In this paper, the small watershed in the valley of the Liujiagou watershed in the Caijiachuan watershed in the northwestern Loess Plateau was selected as the research object. The hydrogeographic factors were extracted under the GIS platform. The former distributed hydrological model respectively realizes the establishment and calculation of four process models of canopy interception, litter interception, soil infiltration and confluence of field rainfall processes. The comparison with the observed values shows that the model has higher accuracy, Can accurately simulate the actual runoff in the rainfall process. Finally, based on GIS, a three-dimensional virtual simulation of field rainfall runoff process is realized, which can make the past rainfall process repeat itself and predict the future rainfall process. Provide a scientific basis for soil and water conservation measures.