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为明确北方典型设施菜地N_2O的排放特征,在“中国蔬菜之乡”——山东省寿光市的秋冬茬设施番茄土壤上利用静态暗箱-气相色谱法,对不施氮肥(CK)、单施有机肥(OM)、农民习惯施(FP)和减氮优化施肥(OPT)4个处理下的N_2O排放通量进行了观测,并分析了其对N_2O排放量和蔬菜产量的影响。结果表明,施肥并灌溉后的一段时间内,会观测到N_2O的“脉冲式”排放,最高排放峰值出现在基肥+灌溉后,且排放高峰持续近20 d,而由追肥引起的排放峰值小且持续时间仅3~5 d。统计分析表明,温度和水分都是影响设施菜地N_2O排放的环境因素。各处理土壤N_2O排放总量差异显著,顺序依次为:FP(14.77 kg/hm~2)>OPT(9.73kg/hm~2)>OM(6.84 kg/hm~2)>CK(2.37 kg/hm~2),N_2O排放系数介于0.83%~1.10%之间,接近或超过IPCC 1.0%的推荐值。与FP处理相比,减少近60%化肥N的OPT处理下番茄产量增加2.2%。在目前管理措施下,合理减少有机肥和化肥施氮量是设施蔬菜地N_2O减排的有效途径。
In order to clarify the emission characteristics of N 2 O in typical vegetable fields in North China, static dark box-gas chromatography was applied to the autumn and winter crop tomato soil in Shouguang City, Shandong Province, The N 2 O fluxes under OM alone, FP and OPT treatments were observed and their effects on N 2 O and vegetable yield were analyzed. The results showed that during the period after fertilization and irrigation, the “pulse” emission of N 2 O was observed, the peak of the highest emission appeared after basal fertilizer + irrigation, and the emission peak lasted nearly 20 days, while the emission peak caused by dressing fertilizer Small and duration of only 3 ~ 5 d. Statistical analysis shows that both temperature and moisture are environmental factors that affect the N 2 O emissions of vegetable gardens. The total amount of soil N 2 O emission from different treatments was significantly different in order of FP (14.77 kg / hm 2)> OPT (9.73 kg / hm 2)> OM (6.84 kg / hm 2) CK 2.37 kg / hm ~ 2), N 2 O emission coefficient ranged from 0.83% to 1.10%, close to or exceed the IPCC 1.0% recommended value. Compared with the FP treatment, the yield of tomato increased by 2.2% under the OPT treatment of nearly 60% of the N fertilizer. Under the current management measures, it is an effective way to reduce N2O emission from organic vegetables and chemical fertilizers rationally by reducing the amount of nitrogenous fertilizer applied in organic fertilizers.