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目的了解甘肃省兰州市农村环境卫生现状,为制定改善农村环境的相关政策提供科学依据。方法分层随机抽取兰州市3个区(县)15个乡(镇)、60个行政村、600户家庭,调查基本情况、厕所与粪便处理、垃圾和污水处理、环境卫生管理情况,并进行病媒生物和土壤卫生监测。结果 60个行政村中,80.00%配备有环境卫生经费,平均3.57万元/村;卫生厕所覆盖率19.52%;83.50%家庭粪便选择土掩埋后施肥;71.83%家庭将垃圾丢弃在房子周围,垃圾堆放点中88.46%有臭味,76.92%有苍蝇;51.33%家庭将生活污水随意排放;开展过灭鼠(χ2=32.668)、灭蝇(χ2=26.133)、灭蚊(χ2=26.133)和灭蟑螂(χ2=21.176)工作的村分别占28.33%、30.00%、25.00%和15.00%,其中西固区显著高于红古区和永登县(P<0.0001);23.00%的家庭发现鼠迹,65.83%发现苍蝇,其中西固区发现鼠迹(χ2=15.415)、苍蝇(χ2=103.336)家庭比例显著低于红古区和永登县(P<0.0001);废弃农药以丢弃在田边或垃圾堆为主,占88.09%;土壤蛔虫卵检出率和活卵检出率分别为16.67%和3.33%。结论兰州市农村环境卫生状况不容乐观,应加大环境卫生资金投入,以永登县和红古区为重点,提高卫生厕所普及率和粪便无害化处理,加强病媒生物控制工作,改变生活垃圾和污水处理方式,妥善处理农药废弃物。
Objective To understand the status quo of rural sanitation in Lanzhou, Gansu Province and to provide a scientific basis for formulating relevant policies to improve the rural environment. Methods A total of 15 townships (towns), 60 administrative villages and 600 households in 3 districts (counties) of Lanzhou were stratified randomly to investigate the basic situation, toilet and excrement disposal, garbage and sewage treatment and sanitation management and to conduct Vector bio-and soil health monitoring. Results 80.00% of the 60 administrative villages were equipped with environmental sanitation funds, with an average of 35,700 yuan per village; the coverage rate of sanitary latrines was 19.52%; 83.50% of household excrement was selected to be buried and fertilized; 71.83% of families discarded rubbish around the house and rubbish Among them, 88.46% were stinking and 76.92% were flies in piles; 51.33% of households discharged domestic sewage freely; and they also carried out experiments on rodent control (χ2 = 32.668), flies (χ2 = 26.133), mosquito control Cockroaches (χ2 = 21.176) occupy 28.33%, 30.00%, 25.00% and 15.00% of the villages respectively, of which, Xugu district is significantly higher than that of Honggu district and Yongdeng county (P <0.0001); 23.00% , 65.83% found flies, of which xima (x2 = 15.415), flies (χ2 = 103.336) were significantly lower than those in Hongkui District and Yongdeng County (P <0.0001) Or rubbish heap, accounting for 88.09%. The detection rate of ascaris eggs and the detection rate of live eggs were 16.67% and 3.33% respectively. Conclusion The situation of rural sanitation in Lanzhou City is not optimistic. We should increase the input of environmental sanitation funds, focus on Yongdeng County and Hongguo District, improve the sanitation penetration and excrement decontamination, strengthen the vector control and change the life Garbage and sewage treatment, proper handling of pesticide waste.