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【目的】研究新疆小麦种植区的品质性状与生态因子,明确不同品质类型小麦的最佳种植区域,评述新疆小麦品质区划。【方法】选用新疆强筋、中强筋、中弱筋3种筋力类型的15个冬、春小麦品种,在新疆34个冬、春小麦典型区域进行试验,根据各区域的地理因子及小麦抽穗至成熟期的气温、降雨量和日照时数对品质性状的影响进行典型相关分析,明确地理因子与气候因子对小麦品质的影响,评述不同生态区的小麦品质类型。【结果】冬小麦3种品质类型间的籽粒蛋白含量、沉降值、面团形成时间、稳定时间、评价值、拉伸面积、拉伸阻力、延伸性、最大拉伸阻力9个品质指标差异均达到显著水平,春小麦3种品质类型间的小麦强筋类品种湿面筋与中弱筋差异不显著,强筋类品种吸水率与中弱筋差异不显著,其它品质指标显著大于中强筋类和中弱筋类;3种品质类型间中强筋类的粉质参数和拉伸参数变幅较大,其次为强筋类,中弱筋类变幅则较小;强筋类小麦品种的品质性状受环境的影响大于中弱筋小麦品种。从典型相关变量看,品质性状与生态因子间存在显著的相关关系,各生态因子对品质性状的影响程度不同。在小麦抽穗至成熟期间冬、春麦各品质性状与上述生态因子间存在显著的相关关系,但各生态因子对冬、春麦品质性状的影响程度不尽一致,冬小麦受日平均温度影响最大,其次是日平均最高温度和纬度;春小麦受日平均温度影响最大,其次是日平均最低温度和海拔。【结论】确定了强筋、中强筋、中弱筋小麦在新疆的种植区域,描述了新疆小麦品质区划种植图。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to study the quality traits and ecological factors of Xinjiang wheat growing areas, identify the best planting areas for different quality wheat varieties, and review the regionalization of Xinjiang wheat quality. 【Method】 Fifteen winter and spring wheat cultivars with strong gluten, medium strong gluten and moderate weak gluten were selected to test 34 winter and spring wheat typical regions in Xinjiang. According to the geographical factors of each region and the heading date to maturity Through the canonical correlation analysis of the effects of temperature, rainfall and sunshine hours on the quality traits, the influence of geographical factors and climatic factors on wheat quality was clarified, and the wheat quality types in different ecological zones were reviewed. 【Result】 The results showed that the differences of grain protein content, sedimentation value, dough formation time, stability time, evaluation value, tensile area, tensile resistance, elongation and maximum tensile resistance of three quality types of winter wheat all reached significant There was no significant difference between the wet gluten and the medium gluten gluten wheat cultivars among the three quality types of spring wheat, while the differences between the water absorbency of the gluten cultivars and the middle and weak glume were insignificant. The other quality indexes were significantly higher than those of the mid gluten The gluten parameters and the tensile parameters of the mid-gluteus tendons varied greatly among the three types of quality, followed by the strong gluten and the middle-weak gluten; however, the quality traits of the strong gluten wheat Environmental impact is greater than the weak gluten wheat varieties. From the typical correlation variables, there is a significant correlation between quality traits and ecological factors, and different ecological factors have different effects on quality traits. There was a significant correlation between the quality traits of winter and spring wheat and the above ecological factors during the heading and maturity stages of wheat, however, the effects of various ecological factors on the quality traits of winter and spring were not uniform. The winter wheat was the most affected by the average daily temperature, followed by Daily average maximum temperature and latitude. Spring wheat was the most affected by daily average temperature, followed by daily average minimum temperature and altitude. 【Conclusion】 We determined the planting areas of strong gluten, medium gluten and medium gluten wheat in Xinjiang and described the planting map of wheat quality in Xinjiang.