目的:探讨血清中葡萄糖-6-磷酸异构酶(G6PI)对类风湿性关节炎(RA)诊断及与其他自身免疫性疾病鉴别诊断中的价值。方法:采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测137例RA患者、141例其他风湿病患者和60例健康对照血清中GPI抗原的浓度,RA患者还检测了抗环胍氨酸肽抗体(抗CCP抗体)及类风湿因子(RF)的浓度。结果:137例RA患者血清中GPI浓度为(3.01±1.33)mg/L,141例其他风湿性疾病组为(0.27±0.16)mg/L,60例健康对照组为(0.07±0.03)mg/L。RA患者血清中GPI浓度显著高于其他风湿病组和健康对照组(P<0.01);在RA活动组和RA非活动组中亦差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。GPI抗原对RA诊断的敏感性为62.8%,特异性为95.7%。3个指标联合检测的特异性达100%。结论:GPI在部分RA患者血清中显著升高,有可能成为诊断RA及判断其疾病活动性的一个新指标。 Objective: To investigate the value of serum glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (G6PI) in the differential diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other autoimmune diseases. Methods: The concentrations of GPI antigen in serum of 137 patients with RA, 141 patients with other rheumatic diseases and 60 healthy controls were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), anti-cyclic citrulline peptide antibody (anti-CCP Antibody) and rheumatoid factor (RF) concentrations. Results: Serum concentrations of GPI in 137 patients with RA were (3.01 ± 1.33) mg / L, (0.27 ± 0.16) mg / L in 141 other rheumatic diseases and (0.07 ± 0.03) mg / L. Serum GPI levels in patients with RA were significantly higher than those in other rheumatic diseases and healthy controls (P <0.01). There was also a significant difference between the RA and non-active RA patients (P <0.01). The GPI antigen has a sensitivity of 62.8% for RA diagnosis and a specificity of 95.7%. The combined detection of the three indicators has a specificity of 100%. Conclusion: GPI is significantly elevated in serum of some patients with RA, which may become a new indicator to diagnose RA and determine its disease activity.