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水稻是我国主要粮食作物之一,粳稻主要种植于我国东北地区。松嫩平原是我国最大的苏打盐碱地分布区,苏打盐碱胁迫不仅限制了水稻生产面积进一步扩大,而且降低水稻产量,提高水稻耐碱能力对水稻生产起重要作用。本文从水稻耐碱性的形态特征、生理生化基础、碱胁迫对水稻产量及品质的影响、耐碱性QTL的定位和分子机理等方面阐述了水稻耐碱性研究进展,并提出了加速耐碱水稻育种的几点建议,展望了耐碱寒地粳稻的开发前景。
Rice is one of the main grain crops in China. Japonica rice is mainly planted in the northeast of China. Songnen Plain is the largest distribution area of soda and saline soil in our country. Soda-saline-alkali stress not only limits the further expansion of rice production area, but also reduces rice yield and enhances alkali tolerance of rice plays an important role in rice production. In this paper, the research progress of alkali tolerance of rice in rice from the morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical basis of alkali resistance, the effects of alkali stress on the yield and quality of rice, the QTL mapping and molecular mechanism of alkali resistance were discussed. Some Suggestions on Rice Breeding, and Prospect of Development of Japonica Rice in Alkali-resistant Cold-blooded Area.