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农地转出不仅是资本对土地的要素替代,更是农户职业选择的深刻变迁,这就促进了资本深化并衍生出巨大的融资需求。信贷需求升级既促进农户的信贷可得性,也深刻影响融资渠道和信贷契约的模式选择。使用广东等9省份465个农户调查数据,本文对此问题进行分析结果表明,职业的非农化以及相伴而来的创业活动激活了农地转出者的信贷需求,提高了农户的信贷可得性;与此同时,农户的融资行为也趋于正规化,融资渠道更倾向于正规金融机构,契约类型更倾向于基于制度信任的正式契约。相应的政策建议是中国需要推进农村金融供给侧的结构转换,要积极探索宅基地、房屋和农地承包经营权等新型抵押品,通过产品设计和流程再造,使农村金融能通过供给侧转换而有效地满足土地转出者的信贷需求。
The transfer of farmland is not only a substitute of capital for land, but also a profound change in the choice of farmers’ employment. This promotes the deepening of capital and leads to huge financing needs. The upgrade of credit demand not only promotes the credit availability of farmers, but also profoundly affects the choice of modes of financing channels and credit contracts. Using the survey data of 465 farmer households in 9 provinces such as Guangdong, the analysis of this issue shows that the non-agriculturalization of employment and accompanying entrepreneurship activities have activated the credit demand of rural land transferrs and increased the credit availability of rural households At the same time, the financing behavior of farmers tends to be normalized, the financing channels tend to be more formal financial institutions, and the types of contracts tend to be formal contracts based on institutional trust. The corresponding policy suggestions are that China needs to promote the structural transformation of the supply side of rural finance and actively explore new collateral such as housing plots, housing and farmland contractual management right. Through product design and process reengineering, rural finance can be transformed through supply side Effectively meet the credit needs of land transferors.