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采用弹性填料作为传力介质对薄壁小弯曲弯头进行挤胀成形,研究了薄壁小弯曲弯头弹性介质挤胀成形机理和主要影响因素,分析了弹性介质下的薄壁小弯曲弯头挤胀成形过程和壁厚分布规律。结果表明:弹性介质在冲头轴向推力与球形芯轴反推力的双向挤压下发生弹性变形并形成连续的弹性体以产生胀力,弯曲时将管坯紧贴于凹模,同时推动管坯沿凹模型腔变形流动;此外,球形芯轴的进给量是弹性介质挤胀成形工艺的关键,在进给量不足时使成形件出现截面畸变及出口端塌陷变形等缺陷;以管径Φ32 mm×1 mm的LF2M铝合金弯头成形为例,球形芯轴的进给量控制在75°时,成形件整体壁厚分布相对均匀,外侧最大壁厚减薄率为16%。
The thin-walled small bend elbow was formed by elastic packing as the transmission medium. The mechanism and main influencing factors of the thin-walled small bend elbow were studied. The effects of elastic thin-walled small bend elbow Expansion forming process and wall thickness distribution. The results show that the elastic medium is elastically deformed under the bi-directional squeeze of the axial thrust force of the punch and the spherical mandrel, and forms a continuous elastic body to generate the expansion force. When bending, the tube blank is tightly adhered to the concave mold, In addition, the feed of the spherical mandrel is the key to the expansion process of the elastic medium. When the feed rate is insufficient, the deformation of the shaped part and the collapse of the outlet end occur. In the case of Φ32 mm × 1 mm LF2M aluminum alloy elbow, the overall wall thickness distribution of the forming part is relatively uniform when the feed amount of the spherical mandrel is controlled at 75 °, and the maximum thickness thinning rate of the outer side is 16%.