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乌托邦文学是西方文学的一个重要分支并随着社会的发展而不断发展。进入19世纪后,乌托邦文学更是逐渐演变成了它的反面——反乌托邦文学。本文以乌托邦文学发展史上的两部代表作品——托马斯·莫尔的《乌托邦》和乔治·奥威尔的《一九八四》为切入点,主要从环境、政治、经济和人性四个方面对比分析了两位作家对乌托邦理想社会的不同态度,从而论证出乌托邦文学到反乌托邦文学的发展过程其实就是人类对乌托邦理想社会的幻想到幻灭的过程。
Utopian literature is an important branch of western literature and continues to evolve with the development of society. Into the 19th century, utopian literature is gradually evolved into its opposite - dystopian literature. Based on two representative works of Utopia literature, Thomas More’s Utopia and George Orwell’s 1984 one, this article mainly discusses four aspects from the aspects of environment, politics, economy and humanity By contrasting the two writers’ different attitudes towards the utopian ideal society, this paper proves that the development of utopian literature into dystopian literature is in fact the illusion of the ideal utopian society.