唐宋时期,随着经济调节职能的生长,朝廷对各地粮食生产丰歉信息需求日益迫切。宋真宗时期正式确立奏报年成制度。本文由新出《天圣令》有关年成奏报规定不能复原为唐令的讨论切入,考证唐前期无常规申报年成制度,官方多从雨量及粮价因素对一地丰歉情况作判断。至唐后期,三司巡院一度搜集年成情报,为朝廷和籴、救灾提供了参考。北宋天书封禅时对丰年景象的塑造,促就年成奏报制度形成。该制度便于官方预计市场供给情况,进行粮食调配。实践中,漕司及州县官在既定的财政体制和考课制度下出于自身利益考虑,往往提前奏报丰收。因此,官方在年成申奏之外,还开拓遣使、访闻等信息管道获知实情。 During the Tang and Song dynasties, with the growth of economic regulation functions, the impending imperial court imposed increasingly urgent demands for information on food production in various places. Emperor Songzong formally established the annual reporting system. This article from the new “Heavenly Hallows” on the annual report can not be reinstated into the Tang Ling discussion cut into the text, no preliminary examination of the early Tang Dynasty annual report system, the official from the rainfall and food prices to determine the situation on the apology . In the late Tang Dynasty, the three divisions and patrolling agencies once collected the annual information and provided a reference for the imperial court and imperialism and disaster relief. When the Northern Song dynasty, the opening ceremony of the Harvest Year, the shape of the scene, promote the annual system of forming the letter. The system facilitates official estimation of market supply and food distribution. In practice, the Secretary and state magistrates and prefectures under the established fiscal system and examination system for their own interests, often in advance to report good harvest. Therefore, in addition to the annual solo debates, the government has also opened up information channels such as deportation and interrogation to get the facts.