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目的观察脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)致Wistar幼鼠、成年鼠膝关节骨与软骨损伤的异同。方法 24只健康雄性Wistar幼鼠(20日龄)和24只健康雄性Wistar成鼠(60日龄),分别随机分为正常对照组、DON低剂量组、DON高剂量组,每组各8只,共6组;幼鼠和成鼠的低剂量组和高剂量组均通过灌胃的方式隔日染毒,低剂量灌胃剂量为0.06 mg/kg,高剂量灌胃剂量为0.25 mg/kg;对照组使用相同体积的生理盐水。作用80 d后,取双侧膝关节,进行光镜和电镜病理形态学观测。结果对照组关节软骨基质较均匀、致密,骺板软骨从骨骺到干骺端结构完好,软骨基质呈弱嗜酸性,细胞排列保持良好的层次;幼鼠低剂量组可见软骨细胞变性,坏死,排列紊乱。高剂量组可见软骨细胞溶解、甚至消失。健康细胞与受损细胞交互排列,呈现DLD现象。骨小梁数目减少,且骨小梁变细、连接中断,立体网状结构破坏,且随剂量的增加骨小梁的破坏也愈加严重,甚至骨小梁大片消失;成年鼠可见软骨细胞变性坏死,高剂量组有的细胞核溶解、消失。电镜可见基质内有较小的、大小均匀的、电子密度高的颗粒状物质,线粒体肿胀和固缩兼有,并见大小不等的空泡,脊破坏或消失。高剂量情况下,细胞核形态不规则、固缩,染色质边聚,关节软骨胶原网络结构破坏。结论 DON可导致Wistar大鼠骨和软骨损伤,其损伤结局与骨的发育阶段有关:在干骺闭合前,DON除可致软骨损伤外,还可致骨发育障碍,甚至停滞;在干骺闭合以后其损伤仅表现在软骨上,提示DON可能是大骨节病和骨关节炎等骨关节病的原因。
Objective To observe the similarities and differences between the knee and adult articular cartilage of adult Wistar rats induced by deoxynivalenol (DON). Methods Twenty-four healthy male Wistar rats (20 days old) and 24 healthy male Wistar rats (60 days old) were randomly divided into normal control group, DON low-dose group and DON high-dose group , A total of 6 groups; young rats and rats into the low-dose group and high-dose group were administered by way of the next day exposure to poisoning, low dose gavage 0.06 mg / kg, high dose gavage 0.25 mg / kg; The control group used the same volume of saline. After 80 days, bilateral knees were taken and observed by light microscope and electron microscope. Results Compared with the control group, the articular cartilage matrix was homogeneous and compact. The structure of epiphyseal plate cartilage was intact from the epiphyseal to the metaphyseal. The cartilage matrix was weakly eosinophilic and the cell arrangement was well maintained. The degeneration, necrosis and arrangement of cartilage cells were observed in the low dose group disorder. High-dose group showed chondrocytes dissolved, or even disappear. Healthy cells are interchanged with damaged cells, presenting a DLD phenomenon. The number of trabecular bone decreased, and the trabeculae became thinner, the connection was interrupted, the three-dimensional network structure was destroyed, and the destruction of trabecular bone became more and more serious with the increase of dose, even the trabecular tracts disappeared; in adult rats, the degeneration and necrosis of cartilage cells In the high-dose group, some nuclei dissolved and disappeared. Electron microscopy shows a smaller, uniform size and electron density in the stroma. The mitochondria are both swollen and shrunken, with vacuoles of varying sizes that destroy or disappear. Under high dose, the morphology of nucleus is irregular, condensed, the chromatin gathers together and the structure of articular cartilage collagen network is damaged. Conclusion DON can cause bone and cartilage damage in Wistar rats. The injury outcome is related to the development stage of bone. Before the epiphyseal closure, DON can cause cartilage damage and even retardation. In the epiphyseal closure After its damage is only manifested in cartilage, suggesting that DON may be the cause of osteoarthritis such as Kashin-Beck disease and osteoarthritis.