受达尔文进化论影响 ,尼采在生命哲学的基础上形成了文化进化思想。他的“精神三变” ,既是文化的三个形态 ,又是文化进化的三个阶段 ,并在辩证否定中催生出“超人”。在尼采的文化进化论里 ,充满着生命、强力意志、自我超越和永恒循环的思想 ,尼采正是在这个意义上来界定“人”的。“超人”就是在抗拒世俗的悲剧中自我超越 ,而一般的人则在世俗文化的滥觞中沉沦。 Influenced by Darwin’s theory of evolution, Nietzsche formed a cultural evolutionary thought based on the philosophy of life. His “three changes of spirit” is not only the three forms of culture, but also the three stages of cultural evolution, and in the dialectical negation, it produces “superhuman”. In Nietzsche’s cultural evolution theory, full of life, strong will, self-transcendence and eternal cycle of thinking, it is in this sense Nietzsche to define “people.” “Superman” means self-transcendence in resisting the secular tragedy, while ordinary people sink in the secular culture.