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本文较完整地提到:受扭大轴扭矩-扭角图(M-φ图)如何从小试件M-φ图转换得到,大轴可以是实心的或空心的,小试件的直径一般约10mm。但小试件M-φ图很容易从一般扭转试验机得到,从而可间接且精确地求得大轴的M-φ图,也可求得弹塑性阶段中任一φ值的相应M值和dM/dφ值。于是利用与φ、M、dM/dφ相关的Nadai公式又可求得沿大轴径向的非线性剪应力分布。而且卸载后大轴内的残余剪应力也能精确求得。文内所介绍的计算方法在理论上是正确的,过去这在塑性理论中没有介绍过。最后举一例子,计算一空心大轴的剪应力分布。轴料为9SiCr钢。
This paper presents a more complete description of how the torque-torsion torsion diagram (M-φ) of a torsionally large shaft can be converted from the M-φ diagram of a small test specimen. The large shaft can be solid or hollow. 10mm. However, the small specimen M-φ diagram can be easily obtained from a general torsion testing machine so that the M-φ diagram of the large shaft can be obtained indirectly and accurately. The corresponding M-value of any φ value in the elastoplastic phase can be obtained as well dM / dφ value. Therefore, the nonlinear shear stress distribution along the major axis can be obtained by using the Nadai formula related to φ, M, dM / dφ. And after unloading the residual shear stress in the large axis can also be accurately obtained. The calculation method introduced in this article is theoretically correct, which was not introduced in plastic theory in the past. Finally, give an example to calculate the shear stress distribution of a hollow shaft. Axle material is 9SiCr steel.