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目的了解云南省血吸虫病流行区农村卫生厕所建设和管理状况,评价粪便无害化处理的效果。方法在云南省洱源县选取3个血吸虫病流行村,每村随机抽取30户,现场调查改厕相关基本情况,按照国家标准采集和检测厕所粪便样品。结果抽查的永乐、前甸和新庄等3个流行村卫生厕所普及率分别达83.19%、83.12%和81.63%。共现场调查90座户厕,仅32.22%的户厕建在庭院以内,91.67%的卫生厕所和70.00%的非卫生厕所厕屋完整,33.33%的卫生厕所和所有的非卫生厕所内有蛆/蛹/成蝇,平均数量分别为1.05只/厕和3.40只/厕。卫生厕所粪大肠菌平均去除率为90.00%,寄生虫卵平均沉降率为80.61%,蛔虫卵平均死亡率为95.20%。出粪液粪大肠菌值合格率为41.67%,蛔虫卵死亡率合格率为78.13%,未检出活血吸虫卵。卫生厕所与非卫生厕所无害化效果差异有统计学意义。结论云南省血防改厕起到了较好的粪便无害化效果,但仍要加强卫生厕所的建设、使用和管理。
Objective To understand the status of construction and management of rural sanitary toilets in schistosomiasis endemic areas in Yunnan Province and to evaluate the effect of excrement innocuous treatment. Methods Three schistosomiasis endemic villages were selected in Eryuan County, Yunnan Province. Thirty households were randomly selected from each village. The basic conditions of lavatories were surveyed on site, and toilet stool samples were collected and tested in accordance with national standards. Results The prevalence rates of sanitary latrines in three popular villages, namely Yongle, Qiandian and Xinzhuang, were 83.19%, 83.12% and 81.63% respectively. A total of 90 household toilets were surveyed on site. Only 32.22% of toilets were built in the courtyard, 91.67% of sanitary latrines and 70.00% of non-sanitation toilets were completed, 33.33% of sanitary toilets and all non-sanitation toilets contained maggots / Pupa / adult, the average number was 1.05 / toilet and 3.40 / toilet. The average removal rate of fecal coliform in sanitary lavatory was 90.00%, the average sedimentation rate of parasite eggs was 80.61%, and the average mortality of roundworm eggs was 95.20%. Fecal coliform value of the fecal liquid pass rate of 41.67%, Ascaris egg mortality rate of 78.13%, did not detect live schistosome eggs. There was a statistically significant difference in the decontamination effect between sanitary and non-sanitary latrines. Conclusion Yunnan Blood and Resistant Toilet System has played a good role in harmless excrement management, but it still needs to strengthen the construction, use and management of sanitary toilets.