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采用小麦离体叶段法,设置18、22、23、24、25和26℃共6个温度处理,对2012年采集的小麦白粉菌样分离得到的139个单孢堆菌株的温度敏感性进行了测定,这些菌样分别采自于四川、北京、甘肃、河南、浙江、陕西、青海、山东、新疆和云南10省(市、区)。结果表明:供试的139个菌株平均ET50为23.14℃,其中ET50最高为24.46℃,最低为21.34℃;58.76%的供试菌株ET50值在23℃和24℃之间,仅有2.03%的供试菌株的ET50≥24℃。对供试菌株温度敏感性频率分布的正态检验结果发现,自然环境中小麦白粉病菌群体已受到温度的选择压力。此研究结果可为了解和预测全球气候变暖对小麦白粉病长期发生趋势的影响提供依据。
The temperature-sensitivity of 139 strains isolated from wheat powdery mildew collected in 2012 was determined by using the wheat leaf segments method at the interval of 18, 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26 ℃. The strains were collected from 10 provinces (cities and districts) in Sichuan, Beijing, Gansu, Henan, Zhejiang, Shaanxi, Qinghai, Shandong, Xinjiang and Yunnan respectively. The results showed that the average ET50 of the 139 strains tested was 23.14 ℃, with the highest ET50 of 24.46 ℃ and the lowest of 21.34 ℃. The ET50 of 58.76% of the tested strains was only 2.03% between 23 ℃ and 24 ℃ Test strains ET50 ≥ 24 ℃. The results of normal test on the frequency distribution of temperature-sensitive strains of the tested strains showed that the population of powdery mildew of wheat in natural environment was under the pressure of temperature selection. The results of this study can provide evidence for understanding and predicting the impact of global warming on the long-term trend of wheat powdery mildew.