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本文对中国比较优势与竞争优势的变化趋势及相互关系进行了实证研究,研究结果表明,产业的比较优势与竞争优势并不是一对矛盾的概念。在经济全球化的背景下,一国产业比较优势取决于一国的要素禀赋;从实际数据可看出,虽然中国劳动密集型产业的比较优势在下降,但目前中国最具比较优势的仍旧是劳动密集型产业;从数据也可看出,中国比较优势最强的产业也是中国最具竞争优势的产业,中国产业竞争优势变化也与比较优势的变化高度相关。
This paper conducts an empirical study on the changing trends and the interrelations of China’s comparative advantages and competitive advantages. The results show that the comparative advantages and competitive advantages of industries are not a contradictory concept. In the context of economic globalization, the comparative advantage of a country’s industry depends on the factor endowment of a country. From the actual data, it can be seen that although the comparative advantage of China’s labor-intensive industries is declining, the most comparative advantage in China is still Labor-intensive industries. As can be seen from the data, the industries with the most comparative advantages in China are also the most competitive industries in China. The changes in China’s industrial competitiveness are also highly correlated with the changes in comparative advantages.