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近年来的研究表明,个体的刷新功能可以通过训练得到提高。研究者们以幼儿、儿童、成人、老年人为训练对象,采用活动记忆任务或n-back任务对个体的刷新功能进行训练。研究结果显示,通过训练,个体的刷新功能得到明显提升,并结合脑电以及脑成像等技术探索刷新功能提升背后的大脑机制。同时,训练效果可以迁移至个体的流体智力中。此外,有研究还发现训练效果可以保持3-6个月。然而,刷新功能的训练效果会受到训练间隔、个体差异、训练动机以及训练任务难度等因素的影响。通过训练使个体的刷新能力提升,可能是因为训练促进了个体大脑形成特定脑区激活模式。训练导致激素分泌水平提升与血流增加,使相关脑区激活,随着训练任务从注意努力进入自动化加工模式,脑区激活程度明显减弱,说明训练提高了个体神经网络的效率。该领域未来的研究重点应关注刷新训练的内在机制、训练效果的保持时间及影响效果的因素等问题。
In recent years, research shows that individual refresh function can be improved through training. The researchers used toddlers, children, adults, and the elderly as training subjects, and used the activity memory task or the n-back task to train individual refresh functions. The results show that, through training, individual refresh function has been significantly improved, combined with EEG and brain imaging techniques to explore the refresh function to enhance the mechanism behind the brain. At the same time, the training effect can be transferred to the individual’s fluid intelligence. In addition, some studies also found that the training effect can be maintained for 3-6 months. However, the training effect of the refresh function is affected by such factors as training interval, individual differences, training motivation and training task difficulty. By training individuals to improve their ability to refresh, it may be because training has facilitated the formation of specific brain regions in individual brain activation patterns. Training lead to increased levels of hormone secretion and blood flow, so that the relevant brain area activation, with training tasks from the attention to the effort to enter the automated processing mode, brain activation was significantly reduced, indicating that training to improve the efficiency of individual neural networks. Future research in this field should focus on the internal mechanism of refresh training, the duration of training effect and the factors that affect the effect.