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目的:平衡木木上起跳是高难度分值空翻动作的关键技术,本文旨在揭示平衡木屈体前空翻转体180°(简称“F180”)起跳阶段运动技术及下肢动力学特征。方法:使用3台高速摄像机(300Hz)对世界冠军眭禄F180起跳动作进行拍摄及三维运动学分析,基于Life Mod建立19个环节个性化人体模型和平衡木模型,仿真F180的起跳动作。通过比较实际运动和仿真结果,验证所建模型的有效性。最后分析人体下肢发力特点及承受的内外负荷。结果:F180起跳阶段,运动员下肢髋、膝和踝关节反作用力依次增大,踝关节负载最大;下肢木上反作用力、关节反作用力和关节力矩均是右侧大于左侧;矢状面和额状面内关节力矩均为髋大于膝,踝最小;平衡木水平反作用力左右方向相反、大小接近。结论:平衡木F180,运动员为了保证起跳效果和稳定性,双脚必须同时起跳,且都应向正中矢状面发力,大小接近。髋关节力矩在F180起跳中起主要作用,右腿为主要发力腿。下肢关节力及力矩的有效协调配合,提供了F180起跳垂直动量及向左转体角动量。
The purpose of this paper is to reveal the key technique of balancing the turning off of wood and wood on the difficult score flip. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the sport technique and the lower limb dynamics of the 180 ° (F180) flight. Methods: Taking three high-speed cameras (300Hz) to shoot and analyze the world Champion klip F180 take-off movements and build a 19-link personalized human body model and balance beam model based on Life Mod to simulate the take-off action of F180. The validity of the proposed model is verified by comparing the actual motion with the simulation results. Finally, analyze the characteristics of human lower extremity force and bear the internal and external load. Results: During the take-off phase of F180, the reaction force of the lower extremities of the athlete’s hip, knee and ankle increased in turn and the ankle joint had the largest load. The lower extremity wood reaction force, joint reaction force and joint torque were greater on the right than the left; The intra-articular joint torque was more than the knee than the knee, ankle minimum; horizontal beam horizontal force opposite direction, size close. Conclusion: Balance beam F180, athletes in order to ensure the take-off effect and stability, both feet must take off at the same time, and should force the median sagittal plane, the size of close. Hip torque play a major role in the F180 take off, the right leg as the main force of the leg. Lower extremity joint force and torque of the effective coordination and cooperation, providing the F180 take-off vertical momentum and turn to the left body angular momentum.