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在马克思的理论框架内看问题,20世纪以来落后国家的社会主义远没有进入共产主义第一阶段,而是处在过渡时期的一定阶段甚至是它的比较初级的阶段。落后国家的社会主义道路实际上是向马克思讲的社会主义社会过渡的道路。过渡时期的长期性、多阶段性和迂回性,表现出落后国家社会主义道路的特殊性。混淆过渡时期与共产主义第一阶段是落后国家社会主义实践最大的教训之一,这一混淆的后果,至今没有完全消除。我们今天应该花大力气发展马克思的过渡时期理论特别是列宁的迂回过渡理论,以指导建设中国特色社会主义。
In the framework of Marx’s theory, socialism in the backward countries since the 20th century is far from entering the first stage of communism, but at a certain stage of the transitional period and even its relatively early stage. The socialist road behind the backward countries is in fact the road to the socialist transition to Marxism. The long-term, multi-stage and circuitous nature of the transitional period shows the peculiarities of the backward socialist countries. To confuse the transitional period with the first phase of communism is one of the greatest lessons of socialism in underdeveloped countries. The confusion has not been completely eliminated so far. Today, we should make great efforts to develop Marx’s transitional theory, especially Lenin’s circuitous transitional theory, so as to guide the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics.