论文部分内容阅读
河北省地下水超采严重,水资源匮乏已经对当地的社会和经济发展产生了严重影响。作者从探索小麦生产简化栽培与节水模式入手,以婴泊700为试材,仅在播种前底施小麦缓释肥750 kg/hm~2(折合N、P_2O_5、K_2O施用量分别为210.0、135.0、52.5 kg/hm~2)、拔节期灌水(945 m3/hm2)1次,成功示范了“小麦一水千斤简化栽培技术”模式,2015年经专家组实收实打产量达到了8 049 kg/hm~2。通过分析“一水千斤”麦田收获后与播种前2 m土体的水分和三大养分储量变化,并结合前3 a的多点调研,提出了实现小麦“一水千斤”的土壤水分和养分运筹方案:实现小麦“一水千斤”的需水量下限为4 500 m~3/hm~2,人工补水量最低应为900 m3/hm2左右;人工灌水量越少,土壤水利用量越大;要使小麦达到正常的产量水平,人工灌水量应在900 m~3/hm~2的基础上适当加大;土壤养分运筹应掌握“减氮、控磷、补钾”原则,一般N、P_2O_5、K_2O施用量分别为210~225、105~135和75~105 kg/hm~2。本研究结果为河北省实现小麦节水生产、缓解地下水消耗、保障粮食生产安全提供了科学依据。
Over-exploitation of groundwater in Hebei Province is serious, and the scarcity of water resources has had a serious impact on the local social and economic development. Based on the exploration of simplified cultivation and water saving mode of wheat production, the experiment was carried out on infested wheat 700 as the test material. Only 750 kg / hm ~ 2 of slow-release wheat was applied before sowing (the equivalent N, P_2O_5 and K_2O were 210.0, 135.0 and 52.5 kg / hm ~ 2) and irrigation at the jointing stage (945 m3 / hm2) for 1 time, successfully demonstrating the mode of “simplifying cultivation of wheat with one kilogram of water”. In 2015, 8 049 kg / hm ~ 2. By analyzing the changes of water content and three nutrient reserves of 2 m soil before and after sowing in the “one kilogram of water” field and combining with the multi-point investigation in the first 3 years, the paper put forward the suggestion of realizing “one kilogram of water” Soil moisture and nutrient management programs: the minimum water requirement for wheat “one kilogram of water” is 4 500 m 3 / hm 2 and the minimum artificial water supplement 900 m 3 / hm 2. The less artificial irrigation, The greater the amount of water used; to achieve normal wheat yield levels, artificial irrigation should be based on 900 m ~ 3 / hm ~ 2 on the basis of an appropriate increase; soil nutrient management should have “nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ”Principle, the general N, P_2O_5, K_2O application rates were 210 ~ 225,105 ~ 135 and 75 ~ 105 kg / hm ~ 2. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for Hebei Province to achieve water-saving wheat production, ease groundwater consumption and ensure food production safety.