钻井和完井工程结束后,便可进行采油作业。有些较松散的储层易出现出砂现象。原油中混进的砂子随油而出,往往造成砂堵,即砂粒在油、套管里形成砂桥,阻碍原油流出,使产量下降;而且砂粒不断磨蚀管子和井下与地面设备,造成管子和设备损坏。因此,防砂工作必须从钻井和完井一开始时就开始。目前,防砂多采用机械方法,即充填砾石和下滤砂器。在出砂时,先在地面出油管子上装探砂器。有的采用声波探砂仪,将其探头装在地面出油管子上,通过砂粒打击探头所产生的噪音来测定出砂速度。此外,还有其他几种防砂法,如采用修井机处理; Drilling and completion of the project is completed, the oil production operations can be carried out. Some loose reservoirs are prone to sand production. The sand mixed with crude oil is often out of oil, often resulting in sand blockage. That is, the sand forms a sand bridge in the oil and casing, impeding the outflow of crude oil and reducing the output. In addition, the sand continuously abrades the pipe and the downhole and ground equipment, causing the pipe and Equipment damage. Therefore, sand control work must start from the very beginning of drilling and completion. At present, the use of mechanical sand control methods, that fill gravel and sand filter. In the sand, the first oil pipe on the ground mounted sandpitter. Some use of sound wave sandblasting device, the probe installed in the ground of the oil pipe, through the sand to fight the noise generated by the probe to determine the speed of sand. In addition, there are several other sand control methods, such as the use of workover rigs;