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目的比较6~8岁骨龄段女性儿童不同的体脂率测量方法的效果,尝试建立适合我国该骨龄段女性儿童的皮褶厚度推算体脂率公式。方法抽样选取59名6~8岁骨龄段女性儿童,依据身体质量指数(BMI)分组标准分为偏瘦组、正常组和超重组3个组别,分别采用双能量X线吸收法(DEXA)、皮褶厚度法、生物电阻抗法(BIA)测试每位受试者的体脂率,以DEXA测量结果为校标,比较上述方法在推测和测量全身体脂率的差异水平。并以皮褶厚度法建立体脂率推测公式。结果对6~8岁骨龄段女性儿童正常组和超重组,BIA法与DEXA测量结果之间相关显著;日本长岭公式显著高估6~8岁骨龄段偏瘦组和正常组女性儿童的体脂率,姚兴家公式显著低估了超重组女性儿童的体脂率,而元田恒公式显著高估了3种体型女性儿童的体脂率;本研究得出皮褶厚度法推算体脂率公式为:全身体脂率=3.919+0.715×髂嵴上部皮褶+0.592×肱三头肌部皮褶。结论相对于以日本长岭公式、元田恒公式、姚兴家公式进行的皮褶厚度推算法,生物电阻抗手段更能有效测量6~8岁骨龄段女性儿童正常和超重群体体脂率;髂嵴上部和肱三头肌部皮褶厚度能联合评价6~8岁骨龄段女性儿童全身体脂率。
Objective To compare the effect of different body fat percentage measurement methods on females aged 6-8 years old, and to establish the body fat percentage formula of the skinfold thickness suitable for female children in this age group. Methods Fifty-nine female children aged 6-8 years old were selected and divided into 3 groups according to the body mass index (BMI): Lean, Normal and Overweight group, , Skinfold thickness method and bioelectrical impedance method (BIA) were used to test the body fat percentage of each subject. The DEXA test results were used for calibration. The above methods were used to estimate and measure the body fat percentage differences. And the skinfold thickness method to establish body fat rate speculation. Results There was a significant correlation between the BIA and DEXA measurements in female children aged 6-8 years and in the normal control group. The Japanese Changling formula overestimated the body weight in the 6-8-year-old skeletal age group and the female children in the normal group Fat rate, Yao Xingjia formula significantly underestimated the overweight group of female children’s body fat rate, and Heng Tian formula significantly overestimated the body fat rate of three body types of female children; this study derived skinfold thickness method to calculate body fat formula Body fat rate = 3.919 + 0.715 × upper iliac crest fold + 0.592 × triceps brachii fold. Conclusions Bioelectrical impedance method is more effective in measuring the body fat percentage of normal and overweight group of females aged 6-8 years compared with the calculation of skinfold thickness by Changling formula, Yuantianheng formula and Yaoxingjia formula. Upper and triceps skinfold thickness can be combined to evaluate the 6 to 8 year-old female body fat percentage of body fat.