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目的了解医院环境中病原菌的种类及分布,为搞好医院消毒,加强医院感染控制提供科学依据。方法采用环境标本细菌分离和鉴定技术,对北京市部分医疗机构环境表面和空气进行标本采集和检测。结果从北京16所医院共采集环境标本1 085件,分离出病原菌85株,检出率为7.83%。物体表面、医务人员手、室内空气3类标本的病原菌检出率为7.51%,二级与三级医院环境标本病原检出率分别为9.91%和6.38%,Ⅲ类和Ⅱ类环境病原菌检出率分别为10.86%和4.55%。医院环境检出的病原菌主要是革兰阴性杆菌,优势菌群有铜绿假单胞菌、阴沟肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌。结论北京市城区医院环境中存在多种医院感染常见条件致病菌,以革兰阴性杆菌为主,均为医院感染常见病原菌。
Objective To understand the types and distribution of pathogens in the hospital environment and provide a scientific basis for better hospital disinfection and hospital infection control. Methods Bacterial isolation and identification of environmental samples were used to collect and test samples of environmental surface and air of some medical institutions in Beijing. Results A total of 1 085 environmental samples were collected from 16 hospitals in Beijing, 85 pathogenic bacteria were isolated, the detection rate was 7.83%. The detection rate of pathogenic bacteria was 7.51% on the surface of the object, the hand of the medical staff and the indoor air, and the detection rates of pathogenic bacteria in the secondary and tertiary hospitals were 9.91% and 6.38% respectively. Rates were 10.86% and 4.55% respectively. Pathogenic bacteria detected in the hospital environment is mainly gram-negative bacilli, the dominant bacteria are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Conclusion There are many common pathogenic bacteria in nosocomial environment of Beijing city hospital, with Gram-negative bacilli as the common pathogens.