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蛇是人类宝贵的野生动物资源,也是我国重要的蛇类药材来源。它具有祛风、通络、定惊止痉等功效,在风湿痹证方面具有良好的治疗效果。近年来,在经济利益驱使下,加上我国蛇种类繁多,现有蛇类多达241种,且各自形态特征差异不明显,使得准确鉴定药材困难,容易导致市场用药品种混乱。文章就近10年来用于常用蛇类药材(主要以《中国药典》收载品种乌梢蛇、金钱白花蛇、蕲蛇为例)及其混伪品的鉴别方法进行了整理研究,综述了各类鉴别方法在蛇类药材中的研究进展,包括传统的性状鉴别、显微鉴别、理化鉴别及近年来发展的微性状鉴别、色谱质谱技术和一些现代的分子鉴别方法如DNA条形码技术,并阐述了各种鉴别方法的适用对象及其优缺点,以期为蛇类药材或者动物类药材的鉴别研究提供思路和参考。发现目前药用蛇在现场快检、中成药的鉴别和优劣鉴别方面仍然面临着一些困难,提示对药用蛇品质进行客观评价时,还需将传统与现代鉴别方法相结合、真伪与优劣鉴别技术相联系。
Snake is a precious wildlife resources of human beings, but also an important source of snake herbs in our country. It has expelling wind, meridians, Jing Jing antispasmodic effect, rheumatoid arthralgia has a good therapeutic effect. In recent years, driven by economic interests, coupled with a wide range of snake species in China, up to 241 species of snakes exist, and their morphological characteristics are not significantly different, making it difficult to accurately identify medicinal herbs and easily lead to confusion in the market. In the past ten years, the article has done some research on the identification methods of commonly used snake medicinal materials (mainly taking “Chinese Pharmacopoeia” varieties of black snake, money white flower snake, viper) as examples and their counterfeit products, Identification of snake herbs in the research progress, including the traditional traits identification, microscopic identification, physical and chemical identification and the recent development of micro-identification, chromatographic mass spectrometry and some modern molecular identification methods such as DNA bar code technology, and described Various identification methods of the object and its advantages and disadvantages, with a view to snake herbs or animal medicinal identification research and provide ideas and reference. At present, it is found that the medical snake faces some difficulties in the spot check, the identification of the proprietary Chinese medicines and the identification of the advantages and disadvantages. It is suggested that the objective evaluation of the quality of the medicinal snake should be based on the combination of the traditional and the modern identification methods. Good or bad identification technology associated.