目的探讨小儿尿路感染与原发性膀胱输尿管反流的关系。方法78例尿路感染患儿经肾脏超声、静脉肾盂造影及排泄性尿路造影检查明确诊断,并给予相应治疗。结果膀胱输尿管反流在尿路感染患儿中占26%,在反复尿路感染患儿中占69%。结论原发性膀胱输尿管反流是小儿尿路感染的易感因素之一。 Objective To investigate the relationship between urinary tract infection in children and primary vesicoureteral reflux. Methods 78 cases of urinary tract infection in children diagnosed by renal ultrasound, intravenous pyelography and excretion urography, and give appropriate treatment. Results Bladder ureter reflux occurred in 26% of children with urinary tract infections and 69% of children with recurrent urinary tract infections. Conclusions Primary vesicoureteral reflux is one of the predisposing factors of urinary tract infection in children.