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目的研究肠镜活检标本中p53及增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）的表达及其意义。方法应用免疫组化SP法检测110例肠镜活检组织p53及PCNA表达，其中20例大肠癌患者手术切除组织再行p53及PCNA染色。结果正常粘膜P53表达阴性，腺瘤及腺癌中p53表达率分别为10％和51．3％，两者差异有显著性（P＜0．05）。腺癌中PCNA强阳性率高于腺瘤组（P＜0．01），PCNA表达与大肠癌组织分化有关（P＜0．05）。20例大肠癌活检组织中7例P53F目性，11例PCNA强阳性，相同患者其手术切除标本9例p53阳性，14例PCNA强阳性，两者一致率分别为90％和85％。结论p53基因突变及细胞异常增殖在大肠癌发生中起重要作用，检测p53及PCNA表达状况有助于大肠癌的早期诊断和判断预后。
Objective To study the expression and significance of p53 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in colon biopsy specimens. Methods Immunohistochemical SP method was used to detect the expression of p53 and PCNA in 110 cases of colon cancer. Twenty cases of colorectal cancer were resected with p53 and PCNA. Results The positive expression rate of p53 in normal mucosa was 10% and 51.3% respectively in adenoma and adenocarcinoma, the difference was significant (P <0.05). The strong positive rate of PCNA in adenocarcinoma was higher than that in adenoma (P <0.01). The expression of PCNA was correlated with the differentiation of colorectal cancer (P <0.05). Among the 20 cases of colorectal cancer biopsy, 7 cases were P53F-like and 11 cases were strongly positive for PCNA. In the same patient, 9 cases were positive for p53 and 14 cases were positive for PCNA. The coincidence rates were 90% and 85% respectively. Conclusion The mutation of p53 gene and aberrant cell proliferation play an important role in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer. Detecting the expression of p53 and PCNA contribute to the early diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer.