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中国是一个统一的多民族国家,首都北京是这个多民族大家庭的缩影,全国56个民族都有人在这里生活、工作和学习。据2000年人口普查,全市少数民族人口有59万人,占全市人口总数的4.27％。少数民族在北京居住的特点是:大分散,小聚居。人口较多的回族和满族各有自己的以街道、乡村为单位的相对聚居地区。目前,城区有13个少数民族聚居街道,郊区有5个民族乡(喇嘛沟门满族乡、七道河满族乡、长营回族乡、于家务回族乡、檀营满族蒙古族乡)和111个民族村。建国后,少数民族在政治上成为国家的主人,少数民族经济得到恢复和发展。特别是改革开放和建立社会主义市场经济体制以来,北京市少数民族在经济和社会各方面都取得了巨大的发展。回顾建国以来北京少数民族经济社会的发展,对全面推进首都建设小康社会,意义重大。
China is a unified multi-ethnic country. Beijing, the capital, is a microcosm of the multi-ethnic family. There are 56 ethnic groups throughout the country who live, work and study here. According to the 2000 census, the city’s minority population is 590,000, accounting for 4.27% of the city’s total population. The characteristics of the ethnic minorities living in Beijing are: decentralization and small settlement. The more populous Muslim and Manchu people each have their own neighborhoods inhabited by streets and villages. At present, there are 13 ethnic minorities inhabited in urban areas and 5 ethnic townships in the suburbs (Manchu Township of Lamangmen, Qidashe Manchu Township, Changying Hui Township, Hui Township of Manchu Households and Mongolian Towns of Tanying Manchu) and 111 ethnic groups village. After the founding of the People’s Republic, ethnic minorities became politically masters of the country and the economy of ethnic minorities was restored and developed. Since the reform and opening up and the establishment of a socialist market economic system in particular, the ethnic minorities in Beijing have made tremendous economic and social development. Recalling the economic and social development of the ethnic minorities in Beijing since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, it is of great significance to comprehensively promote the capital’s building a moderately prosperous society.