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【目的】确定新疆杏采后病害的主要病原菌并筛选有效防治药剂。【方法】采集新疆伊犁、库车、喀什等地的李光杏、小白杏、色买提杏等鲜杏品种,在室温或4℃条件下贮藏,对贮藏期采后病害的病原菌进行分离鉴定,针对主要病原菌进行室内药剂筛选。【结果】引起新疆三种鲜杏采后果实病害的病原菌有:粉红聚端孢霉(Trichothecium roseum)、链格孢霉(Alternaria alternata)、黑根霉(Rhizopus nigricans)、青霉(Penicillium freguentans)、灰葡萄孢霉(Botrytis cinerea)、毛霉(Mucor spp.)、黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus)、镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus spp.)等9种真菌,其中黑根霉、灰葡萄孢霉、链格孢霉、青霉和粉红聚端孢霉为主要病原菌。精油A 1 000倍液对所有供试病原菌都有很强的抑菌效果,其对青霉、灰葡萄孢霉、链格孢霉、黑根霉、毛霉、镰刀菌的抑菌率均为100%,对黑曲霉的抑菌率也达97.87%。4℃贮藏条件下,精油A 500倍液和1 000倍液处理的鲜杏贮藏25 d时,杏果实发病率分别为0%、1.67%,贮藏32 d后,精油A 500倍液和1 000倍液处理的鲜杏发病率分别为10%、20%,精油A 500倍液和1 000倍液处理可显著延长4℃条件下鲜杏的贮藏时间。【结论】黑根霉、灰葡萄孢霉、链格孢霉、青霉和粉红聚端孢霉为新疆鲜杏采后贮期主要病原菌,精油A可作为鲜杏采后病害的有效防治药剂。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to identify the major pathogenic pathogens of apricot after apricot harvest in Xinjiang and to screen for effective agents. 【Method】 The fresh apricot cultivars such as Li Guangxing, Xiaobai apricot and Xiebianbian apricot were collected in Yili, Kuche, Kashgar, Xinjiang, etc. and stored at room temperature or 4 ℃. The pathogens of postharvest diseases during storage were isolated and identified, Indoor pharmacy screening for major pathogens. 【Result】 The results showed that the pathogenic bacteria causing three fresh apricot fruits in Xinjiang were Trichothecium roseum, Alternaria alternata, Rhizopus nigricans, Penicillium freguentans, , Botrytis cinerea, Mucor spp., Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus spp., Among which nine strains were Rhizopus oryzae, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium sp. And Polygonatum versicolor as the main pathogen. Essential oil A 1000 times for all tested pathogens have a strong antibacterial effect, its Penicillium, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria, black mold, Mucor, Fusarium antibacterial rate was 100%, Aspergillus niger antibacterial rate also reached 97.87%. Under the conditions of storage at 4 ℃, the apricot fruits were stored at 500 ℃ for 1 day and 1000 times for 1 day, and the apricot fruits were stored at 0% and 1.67% The fresh apricot treatment times were 10%, 20% respectively. The treatment of fresh apricot with 4 times the temperature of 4 ℃ could prolong the storage time of fresh apricot by 500 times and 1 000 times. 【Conclusion】 Rhizopus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium sp. And Pseudoterra versicolor are the main pathogens of fresh apricot in Xinjiang after harvest, and essential oil A can be used as an effective control agent for fresh apricot postharvest diseases.