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自本世纪 70年代建立的单克隆抗体技术用于免疫学领域的研究 ,迄今已能鉴定约 16 6种免疫细胞及其相关细胞表面分子 ,使免疫学的研究进入了分子免疫学时期。探讨这些免疫分子的结构和功能已提到了日程。藉助分子生物学技术进行了相关基因克隆 ,并对其编码蛋白分子的氨基酸序列进行了分析 ,阐明了相关免疫分子的分子结构。但对这些特殊分子功能的研究 ,单纯的氨基酸序列分析尚不足以说明其在生命过程中的作用 ,只有应用遗传学方法 ,才能确定特定基因及其编码蛋白分子在细胞活动中的作用。经典遗传学方法只能对简单有机体 (如单细胞生物细菌与酵母 ;多细胞生物果蝇和蠕虫 )进行生物学过程分析 ,但不适用于复杂有机体 (哺乳类 )的生物学分析。而分子遗传学方法则可用于复杂有机体生物学分析 ,用以研究这些大分子在个体发育、免疫系统及中枢神经系统的发生 ,以及生理与病理过程中的作用。因此只有应用转基因动物使相关基因通过表达、排除或突变 ,检测其在转基因动物体内对生理功能的影响 ,才能确定相关基因及其编码蛋白分子的生物学意义。国内在兽医方面开展了一些转基因动物的研究工作 ,但很少涉及到免疫学的应用。本文概括的介绍了转基因小鼠技术的研究进展及其在免疫学研究中所取得的部分资料 ,反映了现?
Since the 70s of this century monoclonal antibody technology used in the field of immunology research has so far been able to identify about 16 kinds of immune cells and their related cell surface molecules, the immunology research into the molecular immunology period. Discussing the structure and function of these immune molecules has been mentioned on the agenda. The related genes were cloned by molecular biology techniques, and the amino acid sequences of the encoded protein molecules were analyzed, and the molecular structure of the related immune molecules was elucidated. However, the study of these special molecular functions, simple amino acid sequence analysis is not enough to explain its role in the process of life. Only by using genetic methods can we determine the role of specific genes and their encoded protein molecules in cell activity. Classical genetics methods can only perform biological process analysis of simple organisms such as unicellular organisms such as bacteria and yeast; multicellular organisms such as flies and worms, but are not suitable for the biological analysis of complex organisms (mammals). The molecular genetics method can be used for biological analysis of complex organisms to study these macromolecules in the development of the individual, the immune system and the central nervous system, as well as the physiological and pathological processes. Therefore, only by using the transgenic animals to make the related genes express, exclude or mutate, and to examine their physiological functions in the transgenic animals can we determine the biological significance of the related genes and their encoded protein molecules. Domestic veterinarian carried out some research on transgenic animals, but rarely involved in the application of immunology. This article summarizes the progress of transgenic mice technology and some of the information obtained in the study of immunology, reflects the current?