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目的了解乌鲁木齐市6月～6岁儿童屈光状态情况及其主要影响因素。方法采用横断面调查及问卷调查相结合的方式,使用Suresight视力筛查仪对乌鲁木齐市的幼儿园及乌鲁木齐市妇幼保健院门诊体检的10041名儿童进行屈光状态的检查,同时对这些儿童及家长进行问卷调查,主要调查指标有家族屈光不正史、母孕史、儿童发育史、用眼卫生等多种项目。结果 6月～2岁组的屈光异常率为26.5%,2～4岁组异常率为10.7%,两组屈光异常率差异有显著统计学意义。4～6岁组异常率为9.9%,与2～4岁组比较,差异无统计学意义。汉族儿童屈光异常率为18.8%,维吾尔族儿童屈光异常率为7.1%,两组屈光异常率差异有显著统计学意义。其他民族(哈萨克、蒙古等)儿童屈光异常率为7.2%,与汉族儿童相比差异有显著统计学意义,与维吾尔族儿童相比差异无统计学意义。在相关因素中屈光不正家族史、婴儿出生时体重、早产窒息史、用眼不当史、看电视电脑时间过长、营养不良等与儿童屈光异常相关。结论 6月～6岁的儿童屈光异常率随年龄增长而降低。汉族儿童屈光异常率明显高于少数民族儿童,儿童屈光异常的发生有明显的相关因素。
Objective To understand the refractive status of children aged 6 months to 6 years in Urumqi and its main influential factors. Methods The cross-sectional survey and questionnaire were used to examine the refractive status of 10041 children in Urumqi Kindergarten and Urumchi MCH clinic by Suresight vision screening system. At the same time, these children and their parents Questionnaire survey, the main survey index family history of refractive errors, maternal history, child development history, eye health and other projects. Results The rate of refractive abnormality in June ~ 2 years old group was 26.5%, and the abnormal rate in 2 ~ 4 years old group was 10.7%. The difference of refractive error between the two groups was statistically significant. The abnormal rate in 4 ~ 6 years old group was 9.9%, which had no statistical significance compared with 2 ~ 4 years old group. The abnormal rate of refractive error was 18.8% for Han children and 7.1% for Uygur children. There was significant difference between the two groups in refractive error rate. In other ethnic groups (Kazakhstan, Mongolia, etc.), the abnormal rate of refractive error in children was 7.2%, which was significantly different from that in Han children. There was no significant difference compared with Uighur children. Among the related factors, family history of ametropia, weight at birth, history of asphyxia of preterm birth, history of misdiagnosis, watching television and computer for a long time, malnutrition and other abnormalities related to refractive errors in children. Conclusions The rate of refractive abnormality in children aged 6 months to 6 years decreases with age. The abnormal rate of refractive error of Han children was significantly higher than that of minority children, and the incidence of refractive errors in children was significantly related to the factors.