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为有效提高苹果产量,以喀什疏附县3个主栽苹果品种为试材,对其物候期的观测、授粉结实特性和果实生长发育规律进行了研究。结果表明:3个主栽苹果品种在一年中物候期大体相近,相差2~3d,不同方位新梢以北面的生长量最大,只有元帅苹果可以自花结实,异花授粉中坐果率最高的是元帅,为36%,其次是富士(34%)和嘎啦(31%)。萌芽率最高的是富士中等枝85%,成枝率最高的是富士长枝87%,通过对3个苹果品种元帅、富士和嘎啦果实重量动态观察,研究发现嘎啦的果型呈现一个“慢-快-慢”的变化趋势,总体上呈现S型曲线。而元帅的果型变化总体上呈现一个“快-慢”的趋势。富士的果型变化总体上呈现一个“慢-快”的趋势。
In order to effectively improve the yield of apple, three cultivated apple cultivars in Shufu County of Kashgar were used as materials to study the phenological characteristics, pollination and fruiting characteristics and fruit growth and development. The results showed that the phenophases of three cultivated apple cultivars were similar in one year, with a difference of 2 ~ 3d, and the growth in the north of the shoots with different orientations was the largest. Only the Marshal apples could self-pollinate and had the highest fruit-setting rate in cross-pollination Marshal, at 36%, followed by Fuji (34%) and Gala (31%). The highest germination rate was 85% of Fuji middle branches, and the highest branch rate was 87% of Fuji branches. Through the dynamic observation of the weight of the three apple varieties Marshal, Fuji and Gala, the results showed that the fruit type of Gala presented a “Slow - fast - slow” trend, the overall curve showed S-type. The marshal changes in the fruit overall presents a “fast - slow ” trend. Fuji fruit changes generally present a “slow - fast” trend.