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总结分析了国内外鱼道建设特别是我国2000年以来的鱼道修建、鱼道设计研究(鱼道类型、鱼道位置与水力设计参数三方面)概况,分析显示近年来我国鱼道修建以垂直竖缝式和仿自然鱼道为主,且对应的坝高范围也比较广,鱼道深度基本为2.5～3.0m,流速为0.6～1.2m;剖析了我国鱼道建设存在的主要问题是缺乏正确的鱼道发展认识,鱼道技术与管理制度方面也存在不足;提出了鱼道适应性管理理念,通过监测管理发现问题重新调整鱼道设计、运行及管理方案,以期发挥鱼道的最大效益;展望鱼道发展需要制度保证,完善技术规范,重视基础研究且加强学科间合作,切实落实鱼道适应性管理。
In this paper, the author summarizes and summarizes the construction of fish tracks at home and abroad, especially the construction of fish tracks, the design of fish tracks (the types of fish tracks, the position of fish tracks and the hydraulic design parameters) since 2000. The analysis shows that in recent years, Vertical seams and imitation of natural fishways, and the corresponding dam height range is also wide, the fishway depth is basically 2.5 ~ 3.0m, flow rate of 0.6 ~ 1.2m; analysis of the main problems of the construction of China’s fishponds is the lack of The correct understanding of the development of fish tracks and the technical and management system of fish tracks are also inadequate. The concept of adaptive management of fish tracks is proposed, and the design, operation and management of fish tracks are readjusted by monitoring the findings of management so as to maximize the benefits of fish tracks ; Looking forward to the development of fishways, there is a need for institutional guarantees, improvement of technical specifications, emphasis on basic research and enhancement of interdisciplinary cooperation so as to effectively implement the adaptive management of fishways.