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文中以陕西省水资源承载力综合评价为中心展开研究,通过构建涵盖水资源、社会、经济及生态等方面的水资源承载力综合评价指标体系,运用TOPSIS综合评价方法,实证测算研究了陕西省及各城市水资源承载力的动态变化及区域差异。结果表明:样本考察期内,陕西省水资源承载力整体呈现较为明显的上升趋势,其中生态子系统和社会子系统的贡献最大;从区域差异看,陕南水资源承载力最大,陕北次之,关中最小;从城市差异看,水资源承载力由高到低依次为汉中、安康、延安、商洛、宝鸡、西安、榆林、铜川、咸阳和渭南。总体来看,陕西省水资源承载力仍处于较低的水平,其原因可归结为水资源整体匮乏、人口压力大、产业结构不合理以及节水意识不足等方面。根据实证研究结果,提出了相应的提高水资源承载力的对策建议。
This paper focuses on the comprehensive evaluation of water resources carrying capacity in Shaanxi Province. By constructing a comprehensive evaluation index system covering water resources, social, economic and ecological aspects and using TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation method, And the dynamic changes of urban water resources carrying capacity and regional differences. The results showed that during the study period, the water resources carrying capacity in Shaanxi Province showed a clear upward trend, of which ecological subsystem and social subsystem contributed the most. From the perspective of regional differences, the water resources carrying capacity of southern Shaanxi was the highest, Among them, Guanzhong is the smallest; from the perspective of urban areas, the water resources carrying capacity is Hanzhong, Ankang, Yan’an, Shangluo, Baoji, Xi’an, Yulin, Tongchuan, Xianyang and Weinan in descending order. Overall, the carrying capacity of water resources in Shaanxi Province is still at a low level, the reason can be attributed to the overall lack of water resources, population pressure, irrational industrial structure and lack of awareness of water conservation and so on. According to the results of the empirical research, some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to improve the carrying capacity of water resources.