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为摸清烟叶中的重金属来源及其影响因素,在云南省12个州(市)烟区域采用抽样普查的方法,比较烟区土壤、灌溉水、烟叶及其他作物中的重金属含量(质量分数,下同)分布,探索烟叶中重金属的来源及其影响因子.结果表明:1)重金属含量在土壤中最高,烟叶次之,灌溉水最低,其变异幅度则表现为灌溉水>土壤>烟叶.2)烟叶中铬和砷的含量低于水稻、玉米、绿肥、豌豆、小麦和油菜等作物2.3~20.3倍,但镉、铅、铜和汞的含量高于玉米和水稻等作物3.0~6.6倍.3)矿源是其周边土壤中重金属的主要来源之一,而土壤中的重金属对烟叶重金属含量影响很大.4)土壤和烟叶中的重金属含量均随海拔的升高呈下降趋势,且土壤的p H值、有机质和镁含量等理化指标对烟叶重金属含量影响显著.研究结果可为了解烟叶重金属来源和控制烟叶重金属污染提供科学依据.
In order to find out the sources of heavy metals and their influencing factors in tobacco leaves, a sampling survey was conducted in 12 tobacco-producing areas in Yunnan Province to compare the contents of heavy metals (mass fraction, The same below) to explore the source of heavy metals in tobacco leaves and its influencing factors.The results showed that: 1) the content of heavy metals in the soil was the highest, followed by the tobacco leaves, the lowest in irrigation water, and the variation range was irrigation water> soil> tobacco leaf.2 ) The content of chromium and arsenic in tobacco leaves was 2.3 ~ 20.3 times lower than that of rice, corn, green manure, pea, wheat and rapeseed but the content of cadmium, lead, copper and mercury was 3.0 ~ 6.6 times higher than those of corn and rice. 3) The ore source is one of the main sources of heavy metals in the soil around it, while the heavy metals in the soil have a great influence on the heavy metal content of tobacco leaves.4) The contents of heavy metals in soil and tobacco leaves all decrease with the elevation, p H value, organic matter and magnesium content had significant effects on the heavy metal content of tobacco leaves.The results could provide a scientific basis for understanding the sources of heavy metals and controlling heavy metal pollution in tobacco leaves.