在讨论这个题目前,首先要明确“西部”的含义。凡是涉及方向的词语,决定因素是采用什么地理坐标,例如中国历来以“天下之中”自居,中国的周边就是“四裔”。在中国内部,决定某地方位的因素,也是其相对于京师(王都、国都)而言的。例如今天的北京,在以长安—洛阳为中心的地理坐标系统中,就已经远处北方了。而当元、明、清定都北京后,昔日的“京畿”长安(今西安)就成了西部,故慈禧太后逃往西安被称为“西狩”。 Before discussing this question, we must first clarify the meaning of “western ”. For example, what is the decisive factor in terms of direction? For example, China has always regarded itself as “one of the world’s most beautiful places,” and its surrounding area is known as the “Four Generations.” In China, the deciding factor in a certain place is also its position relative to the capital (Wangdu and Guodu). For example, today’s Beijing has been far north in the geographic coordinate system centered on Chang’an-Luoyang. When the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties were in Beijing, the old “Gyeonggi” Chang’an (now Xi’an) became the western part of the country. Therefore, Empress Dowager Cixi fled to Xi’an and was called “West hunting.”