武则天是中国历史上唯一的女皇帝,历来是一个颇受争议的人物。郭沫若、范文澜等前辈学者曾对武则天的历史作用充分肯定,但也有不少学者是持否定态度的,如吕思勉、岑仲勉等,双方对立的评价主要是由于武则天在执政期间杀了很多人。关于这一点,清代学者赵翼在《廿二史札记》卷19《武后之忍》中已有揭示:“古来无道之君,好杀者有石虎、苻生、齐明帝、北齐文宣帝、金海陵炀帝,其英主好杀者,有明太祖,然皆未有如唐武后之忍者也。”他列举了很多武则天杀人的例子,如成为皇后以后将王皇后、萧良娣投入酿瓮中,流放长孙无忌、褚遂良等至死,杀上官仪;称制后,纵酷吏杀大臣裴炎、刘袆之、邓玄挺、阎温古、张光辅、魏玄同、刘齐贤、王本立、范履冰、 Empress Wu is the only female emperors in Chinese history, has always been a controversial figure. Other scholars such as Guo Moruo and Fan Wenlan once fully affirmed the historical role of Wu Zetian. However, many scholars hold a negative attitude. For instance, Lu Simeng and Cen Zhongmian et al. Were mainly opposed to the fact that Wu Zetian killed many people during his administration . In this connection, Zhao Yi, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty, has disclosed in Volume 19 of the Twenty-second History: “The Prince of the Never-Taught, the Kill, Shi Ming Hu, Qi Ming Di, Wenxuan Di, Jin Hailing emperor, the British hero killed them, there are the Ming Taizu, but none of the latter have such as the ninja of Tang Wu also. ”He cited a lot of Empress Wu murder example, such as becoming the Queen Queen, Xiao Liangdi into In the brewing urn, the exile Changshuji, Chu Suoliang, etc. died until the death of an official; after the system was called,