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目的 研究煤矿粉尘对新工人肺通气功能的早期影响。方法 选择徐州矿务集团新招收的男性工人2 87人为矿工组,选择该集团技工学校在校男生132人为对照组。调查内容包括个人基本资料、家族疾病史、职业史、吸烟史、作业场所粉尘浓度、肺通气功能随访测定。前瞻性队列调查为期3年,每半个月测定作业场所的总粉尘和呼吸性粉尘浓度;定期测定两组人群的用力肺活量(FVC)和第一秒用力呼气量(FEV1)。结果 矿工作业场所的总粉尘平均浓度为2 3.8mg/m3 ,呼吸性粉尘平均浓度为8.9mg/m3 ,均超过国家卫生标准。接尘第1年,矿工组FVC(5 .19L)高于对照组(4.92L) ,差异有统计学意义(P <0 .0 1) ,第2年和第3年的差异均无统计学意义(P >0 .0 5 )。接尘前矿工组FEV1[(4.4 8±0 .4 9)L]高于对照组[(4.2 8±0 .4 8)L];接尘1年时FEV1下降至4 .2 5L ;第2年和第3年FEV1(4.34L)低于对照组(4.5 6L) ,差异有统计学意义(P <0 .0 1)。矿工组FEV1呈下降趋势。矿工吸烟者3年中的FVC、FEV1损失量(15 4、184ml)高于不吸烟者(83、91ml)。FVC、FEV1与年龄、身高和体重存在一定相关。结论 粉尘对煤矿新工人的早期肺通气功能有明显影响,FEV1下降比FVC更为明显;吸烟可加重粉尘对肺通气功能的损害。
Objective To study the early effects of coal mine dust on lung ventilation in new workers. Methods A total of 2 87 new male workers recruited by Xuzhou Mining Group were selected as the miner group, and 132 male students in the group of technical workers in the group were selected as the control group. The survey included personal basic information, family history of disease, occupational history, smoking history, workplace dust concentration, lung ventilation follow-up measurement. The prospective cohort survey was conducted over a three-year period to determine the total dust and respirable dust concentrations at the workplace every two weeks. FVC and FEV1 were measured regularly for both groups. Results The average concentration of total dust in the workplace of the miners was 2 3.8 mg / m3 and the average concentration of respiratory dust was 8.9 mg / m3, both exceeding the national health standards. In the first year of dusting, the FVC (5.19L) of the miner group was higher than that of the control group (4.92L), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01), but there was no significant difference between the second year and the third year Significance (P> 0.05). FEV1 [(4.4 8 ± 0.49) L] was higher in the miners exposed to dust than in the control group [(4.2 8 ± 0.48) L]; FEV1 decreased to 4.25 L at 1 year of exposure to dust; The FEV1 (4.34L) in the third and third year was lower than that in the control group (4.56L), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Miner group FEV1 showed a downward trend. Three years of mine smoker FVC, FEV1 loss (15 4,184 ml) higher than non-smokers (83,91 ml). FVC, FEV1 and age, height and weight there is a certain correlation. Conclusions Dust has a significant effect on the early pulmonary ventilation in new coal mine workers, and the decline in FEV1 is more obvious than that in FVC. Smoking can aggravate the damage to lung ventilation by dust.