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我国专家参与民事诉讼制度的方式包括鉴定、专家辅助、专家陪审、专家咨询四种类型,每一类型在运行过程中各有优劣。专家潜在的偏见、事实与法律的交织,分别是影响专门性问题查明的主、客观因素。构建专家参与民事诉讼制度的系统化机制,一方面要通过专家制度自身的明晰与矫正、递进式的适用次序、制度之间的互补和制约以及专家的真实陈述,来实现专家参与诉讼的各种类型的衔接与整合;另一方面要通过法官知识背景的优化、法律观点的指示、专门性问题的细化、法官独立的评价判断,力促法官与专家之间的协同与制约。
The ways in which Chinese experts participate in the civil litigation system include four types of appraisal, expert assistance, expert jury and expert consultation, each of which has advantages and disadvantages in operation. The potential bias of experts, the interweaving of facts and laws are the main and objective factors that influence the identification of special problems. To build a systematic mechanism for experts to participate in the system of civil litigation, on the one hand, through the clarification and rectification of the expert system itself, the progressive application of the order, the complementarity and restriction of the system and the true statement of the experts, On the other hand, through the optimization of the judge’s knowledge background, the instruction of the legal point of view, the refinement of the special problems, the judge’s independent judgment and judgment, the coordination and restriction of judges and experts are urged.