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研究制定县域内不同区域、不同作物专用肥配方是测土配方施肥的重要环节之一。棉花需肥量大,施肥次数多,生产实际中过量施肥的问题尤为突出。研制和推广应用棉花专用配方肥,能有效减少化肥施用量,提高肥料利用率,促进棉农增产增效。依托桃源县2005-2008三年测土配方施肥调查数据,系统分析了桃源县棉地土壤养分特点、棉花需肥规律及主要施肥技术指标。在此基础上,根据桃源县棉花专用配方肥的配方设计原理:氮素管理采用区域总量控制、分期调控技术,磷、钾采用丰缺指标法,提出了棉花专用肥配方。桃源县推荐的棉花区域肥料配方2个:20-9-16和18-11-16,分别适用于平原潮土棉地与丘陵红壤棉地。桃源县棉花专用肥20-9-16的应用和示范效果表明,与习惯施肥比较,平均每公顷节本增收1494.0-3780.0元,适合在我县棉花生产上在大面积推广。
Study formulation of different regions within the county, different crops, fertilizer formula is an important part of soil testing and fertilizer. Cotton need fertilizer, fertilization frequency, the actual production of excess fertilization problems are particularly prominent. Developing and popularizing cotton-specific formula fertilizer can effectively reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer applied, increase the utilization rate of fertilizer, and promote cotton yield and efficiency. Relying on the Taoyuan County 2005-2008 three years of soil testing and fertilization survey data, the characteristics of Taoyuan County cotton soil nutrients, fertilizer demand and the main cotton technical indicators. On this basis, according to the formula design principle of cotton special formula fertilizer in Taoyuan County, the nitrogen management adopts regional total amount control, staging and control technology, phosphorus and potassium by using abundance and deficiency index method, and puts forward the formula of cotton special fertilizer. Taoyuan recommended cotton region fertilizer formula 2: 20-9-16 and 18-11-16, respectively, for the plain tide soil and hilly red soil cotton. The application and demonstration effect of 20-9-16 cotton special fertilizer in Taoyuan County showed that compared with the conventional fertilization, the average increment per hectare was 1494.0-3780.0 yuan, which is suitable for large-scale popularization of cotton production in our county.