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心脏是一个射血器官,其活动的最终效果表现为射血能力的大小。心输出量是衡量心脏功能的重要指标,它既决定于每搏输出量,又决定于心搏频率。每搏输出量是心室肌工作效率的标志,它表现为每次心室收缩所能射入动脉中的血量及其所获得的速度(动能)。心率的控制主要为神经反射机制所完成,而每搏输出量按现代概念认为是由下述三种因素所决定,即前负荷、后负荷以及心肌收缩收缩性能(Contractility)。
The heart is a blood ejection organ, the ultimate effect of its activity manifested as the size of ejection ability. Cardiac output is a measure of cardiac function, an important indicator of both its output depends on the stroke volume, but also depends on the heart rate. Stroke volume is a sign of the efficiency of ventricular work, which manifests itself as the amount of blood that can be injected into the artery and the speed (kinetic energy) it can deliver per ventricular contraction. The control of heart rate is mainly done by the neural reflex mechanism, and the stroke volume is determined by the modern concept by the following three factors: the preload, the postload and the contractility.