光学相干断层扫描血管成像（OCTA）作为近几年不断发展的一项新兴技术，可以快速无创地得到高分辨率的眼底视网膜成像，并可以得到眼底血管密度及中心凹无血管区面积的量化值，为研究近视疾病早期的眼底病变提供极大帮助。现回顾OCTA的发展史，详细介绍并总结OCTA测量近视人群眼底视网膜血流变化及其影响因素，及辅助病理性近视诊断的研究进展。“,”Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a new technology that has been developing in recent years. It can provide high-resolution fundus retinal imaging that is noninvasive and quick. Since the quantitative value of retinal vascular density and the foveal avascular zone can be achieved, this can provide great help for research on early fundus lesions in myopia. This paper reviews the history of OCTA, and summarizes measurement with OCTA and progress in myopia research on fundus retinal blood flow changes and the factors that influence it in detail, including progress on the diagnosis of pathological myopia.