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试验研究了温度对小麦籽粒形成过程中生理变化的影响,得到以下结果:1.小麦在开花到成熟处于日温相同(25℃)而夜温不同(20℃,10℃)的条件下,夜温低的处理籽粒灌浆期和成熟期比夜温高的处理延长10天。2.夜温低的处理绿色叶面积大、下部叶片衰亡较慢、叶片夜间呼吸强度低,有利于干物质的积累。因此茎鞘、叶、穗、籽粒和总干重都较高。开花到开花后17天植株干重的主要差异是茎鞘。开花17天以后到成熟,两个处理籽粒干重的差异逐渐增加。3.夜温低的处理,籽粒灌浆的物质来源较丰富,有利于晚开花的籽粒生长。由于灌浆的粒数较多,不仅小穗第一、二粒的粒重增加,第三粒的结实率和粒重也有所提高。4.夜温低的处理,茎、鞘和叶的含糖量比夜温高的处理大,以茎较为显著。籽粒生长前期淀粉含量低而醇溶性糖的含量高,接近成熟时两个处理的差异减小。5.在小麦籽粒灌浆盛期供给旗叶以 C~(14)O_2后;穗、穗下节和饲喂叶的局部温度改变(5—8℃,20—25℃)引起了同化产物运输分配情况发生变化。穗部降温对同化产物输入籽粒的抑制作用最大,饲喂叶次之。穗下节降温到5—8℃的影响不大。穗及饲喂叶降温有较多的放射性物质留存在饲喂叶中。6.不论是供给、输导或接受器官降温,受到低温影响的部分醇溶性物质的分布百分率皆增高;穗部降温的影响最大,饲喂叶次之,穗下节较小。穗部降温籽粒中的放射性约有65%在醇溶性部分,不降温的约有63%在稀酸水解部分;说明了5—8℃的低温阻碍籽粒中糖向淀粉等高分子物质的转化过程。7.本文对青海地区小麦干粒重较高的原因,夜温对小麦茎、鞘、叶和籽粒的生长,每穗粒重和粒数的关系等进行了分析和讨论;并指出改变温度或用其他方法增加粒重提高产量的可能。
The effects of temperature on the physiological changes of wheat grain were investigated experimentally. The results are as follows: 1. Wheat flowered to maturity at the same temperature (25 ℃) and night temperature (20 ℃, 10 ℃) Low Temperature Treatments Grain filling and maturity increased by 10 days over the night. 2. Night temperature treatment of large green leaf area, lower leaves decline more slowly, leaf breathing intensity at night is low, is conducive to the accumulation of dry matter. Therefore stem and sheath, leaf, ear, grain and total dry weight are higher. The major difference in plant dry weight from flowering to flowering 17 days after flowering is stem-sheath. After 17 days of flowering to maturity, the difference of dry weight of two treatments increased gradually. 3. Low night temperature treatment, grain filling material rich source, is conducive to late flowering of grain growth. Due to the large number of grouting, not only spikelet first and second grain weight increase, third grain seed setting rate and grain weight also increased. 4. Night temperature treatment, stems, sheaths and leaf sugar content than the high temperature treatment, to stem more significant. Early grain growth stage, low starch content and high content of alcohol-soluble sugar, close to the difference between the two treatments decreased. Changes in local temperature (5-8 ° C, 20-25 ° C) in the ears, lower panicles and feeding leaves caused the assimilation of transport products The situation has changed. Spike cooling on the assimilation product input grain maximum inhibition, followed by feeding leaves. Spike next section cooling to 5-8 ℃ little effect. Spike and feed leaves cooling more radioactive material remain in the feeding leaves. 6. The temperature distribution of some alcohol-soluble substances influenced by the low temperature is higher than that of the organs supplied or transported or the organs affected by the low temperature. Approximately 65% of the radioactivity in the spikelets is in the alcohol-soluble fraction and about 63% of the fraction in the dilute acid-free fraction indicates that the low temperature of 5-8 ℃ inhibits the conversion of sugars to starch and other macromolecules in the grain . In this paper, the reasons for the higher dry weight of wheat in Qinghai area, the night temperature on the stem, sheath, leaf and grain growth, grain weight per grain and grain number were analyzed and discussed; and pointed out that the temperature change or Use other methods to increase grain weight and increase yield.