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为探讨不同灌溉方式对苹果园土壤含水率、生育期耗水量、产量及水分生产效率的影响,于2009年3-12月在北京市昌平区南邵镇营坊村昆利果品基地布设了环绕滴灌、穴贮肥水小管出流、覆膜沟灌3套高效灌溉施肥技术模式,以常规树盘灌溉作为对照。分别在苹果树萌芽期、花后期、幼果膨大期、成熟期和封冻前灌水施肥,依据不同灌溉方式的灌溉效率以及田间土壤实际含水率等因素确定适宜灌水量。结果表明:1)在3种灌溉方式处理中,环绕滴灌、覆膜沟灌0.00～180.00cm土层土壤含水率较高且相对比较稳定,树盘灌溉的土壤含水率变化幅度大。2)在整个生育期内,环绕滴灌、穴贮肥水小管出流、覆膜沟灌处理分别比树盘灌溉减少灌水量58.700%、50.100%和34.400%;果园耗水量较树盘灌溉分别减少33.500%、28.600%和19.600%。3)产量方面,环绕滴灌、穴贮肥水小管出流、覆膜沟灌产量分别比树盘灌溉高6.000%、5.300%和2.900%;环绕滴灌产量达到3034.7kg/667m2;其水分利用效率最高且达到9.6kg/m3。总体来看,环绕滴灌、穴贮肥水小管出流和覆膜沟灌是较好的节水技术模式方式,值得在果园灌溉中因地制宜的加以选择应用。
In order to investigate the effects of different irrigation methods on the soil moisture content, water consumption during the growth period, yield and water production efficiency of apple orchard, a series of experiments were carried out around March-December 2009 in Kunlun Fruit Base, Yingfang Village, Nanshao Town, Changping District, , The hole storage fertilizer water tube outflow, film irrigation ditch 3 sets of high efficiency irrigation and fertilization mode of technology, conventional tree irrigation as a control. Appropriate amount of irrigation was determined in the apple tree in the budding, late flowering, young fruit enlargement, maturation and before freezing fertilization, irrigation efficiency according to different irrigation methods and the actual soil moisture content of the field. The results showed that: 1) Soil moisture content of 0.00-180.00 cm soil layer around drip irrigation and plastic film mulching was relatively high and relatively stable in the three kinds of irrigation modes, and the soil water content of tree-drip irrigation changed greatly. 2) Throughout the whole growth period, drip irrigation, hole storage fertilizer tube flow out, irrigation and furrow irrigation decreased respectively by 58.700%, 50.100% and 34.400% than tree-plate irrigation; orchard water consumption decreased by 33.500% , 28.600% and 19.600% respectively. 3) In terms of yield, drip irrigation and storage of fertilizer and water pipes around the outflow of drip irrigation and furrow irrigation were 6.000%, 5.300% and 2.900% higher than those of tree-trunk irrigation respectively. The drip irrigation yield reached 3034.7kg / 667m2 and the water use efficiency reached the highest 9.6kg / m3. Overall, drip irrigation, storage of fertilizer and water pipe flow and irrigation is a better mode of water-saving technology mode, it is worth irrigating in the orchard in accordance with local conditions to choose to apply.