本文探讨了中国城乡二元的户籍制度与农民工社会地位的关系。文章认为,由于户籍制度的限制,原本在家乡处于精美地位的城市农民工阶层,在城市却处于底层社会地位。长此以往,这种严重的“地位相悖”现象,将积畜社会张力,激化社会矛盾。作者指出,进城农民工阶层具有改变自身社会地位的强烈愿望,而财产权和技术证书作为社会筛选机制作用的日益凸显,已向户籍制度提出了挑战。虽然进城农民工阶层在这两方面均不占优势,但社会公平的机制和理念却由“先赋因素”变为“自致因素”,在这个意义上,制度对农民工的排斥便从根本上削弱了。 This article explores the relationship between dual household registration system in urban and rural areas and the social status of migrant workers in China. The article argues that due to the restriction of the household registration system, the peasant class in urban areas, which was originally in a beautiful place in his hometown, is in a low social status in the city. Over time, this serious phenomenon of “opposite status” will strain the stock-raising society and intensify social conflicts. The author points out that migrant workers entering the city have the strong desire to change their own social status. Property rights and technical certificates have become increasingly prominent as social screening mechanisms, posing a challenge to the household registration system. Although migrant rural migrant workers do not dominate in these two aspects, the mechanism and concept of social fairness have changed from “pre-emptive factors” to “self-induced factors.” In this sense, the exclusion of migrant workers from the system will change from Weakened fundamentally.