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在中枢神经系统中,神经元和神经胶质细胞能够表达神经甾体激素合成的关键酶。当神经甾体激素产生的浓度足够高时,可行使旁分泌作用。脑内神经甾体激素的合成会随年龄的增长呈现下降的趋势。在应激状态下,神经甾体激素的合成也下降。最近的研究报告显示,脑内神经甾体激素水平的下降与神经元的变性及其功能障碍有关。本文仅就目前研究最多的神经甾体激素(如脱氢表雄酮、孕烯醇酮及其硫酸酯、孕酮和别孕烯醇酮)影响神经元存活,神经突的增长和神经元增生的最新研究成果以及这些神经甾体激素在治疗神经退行性疾病中的潜在性作用进行综述。
In the central nervous system, neurons and glial cells are able to express key enzymes in the synthesis of neurosteroids. When the concentration of neurosteroids is high enough, paracrine effects can be exercised. The synthesis of neurosteroids in the brain tends to decrease with age. Under stress, the synthesis of neurosteroids also declines. Recent studies have shown that the decline in neurosteroid levels in the brain is associated with neuronal degeneration and dysfunction. In this paper, only the most currently studied neurosteroid hormones (such as DHEA, pregnenolone and its sulfate, progesterone and pregnenolone) affect neuronal survival, neurite outgrowth and neuronal proliferation The latest research results and the potential role of these neurosteroids in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases are reviewed.