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本文讨论了来自高加索的阿兰游牧部落王子玛瑙印章,这一印章具有萨珊波斯典型形状、萨珊凹雕工艺,并隽刻有中古波斯铭文。印章的图像则选择了上古欧亚草原游牧图像:蜷卧的牡鹿。本文根据印章整体雕刻手法,判定创作年代为四到五世纪;印章上伊朗外省的乡土的铭文拼写,暗示了创作工匠是阿兰人,不过雕刻时遵循了萨珊艺术传统。牡鹿图像是欧亚草原斯基泰-萨迦游牧人的族名来源、也是部落图腾,因为鹿角的每年再生象征了草原生命的死而复活、生生不息。这一牡鹿的复古图像与当时流行的萨珊印章上动物图像大相径庭,成为阿兰艺术的珍贵标本。笔者推测阿兰王子试图通过这枚牡鹿印章昭告天下:王子的统治如鹿角般长青,阿兰部落对上古斯基泰游牧文化遗产的传承生生不息。
This article discusses the Prince Agate Seal of the Alanya nomadic tribes from the Caucasus. The seal is of the Sassanian Persian typical shape, the Sassanid sculpture, and the medieval Persian inscription. The image of the seal chooses nomadic images of the ancient Eurasian steppes: curled up stag. According to the whole engraving method of the seal, this article judges the creation age from four to five centuries. The inscription spelling of the local natives in the Iranian provinces on the seal implies that the artisan is an Alan, but the Sasan art tradition follows the engraving. The stag image is the source of the ethnic names of the nomadic Skye Tayya-Sakya people in the Eurasian steppe. It is also a tribal totem, because the annual reproduction of the antlers symbolizes the resurrection and revival of the life of the steppe. This stag’s retro image is very different from the animal images on the popular Sassan’s seal at that time, making it a valuable specimen of Alain’s art. I presume that Prince Alan attempted to tell the world through this stag seal: Prince’s rule is like an antler, and the Alain tribes inherit the inheritance of the ancient Sikkim nomadic cultural heritage.