目前，全球新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)感染人数达数千万，远超过2002-2003年严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒的感染人数。由于当前对于严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒、中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒及新型冠状病毒的致病机制并非十分清楚，也没有专门预防和治疗的特效药物，对于传播如此迅速的新型冠状病毒，有效的防控措施十分重要。而疫苗作为健康人的防护措施，对疫情防控至关重要。本文从严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒、中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒相关疫苗的研发及新型冠状病毒的研究进展，探讨新型冠状病毒疫苗的研制策略及研发过程中存在的问题。“,”At present, tens of millions of people worldwide are infected with the COVID-19, far exceeding the number of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections in 2002-2003.Because the pathogenic mechanism of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is not very clear, and there is no specific treatments.Adequate anti-epidemic measures are needed for the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2.As a protective measure for healthy people, the vaccine is vital for the prevention and control of the COVID-19.This article discusses the development strategies of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and the problems in the vaccine development process through the development of vaccines related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and research progress of SARS-CoV-2.