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采用常规压片法,对缙云山国家级自然保护区4种黄芩属Scutellaria植物:缙云黄芩S.tsinyunensis、岩藿香S.franchetiana、韩信草S.indica和柳叶红茎黄芩S.yunnanensis var.salicifolia的染色体进行核型分析,并与已报道的黄芩S.baicalensis、阿拉善黄芩S.alaschanica比较分析,以期为该属的起源与分化机制研究提供参考依据。结果显示除岩藿香的染色体为24条,其他3种黄芩属植物,染色体都为26条。4种植物都为二倍体植物,且染色体均为中部或近中部着丝点染色体,核型比较对称,属于较原始的类型。缙云黄芩的核型公式为:2n=2x=26=24m+2sm,核型为“1B”型,核型不对称系数为55.28%;柳叶红茎黄芩的核型公式为:2n=2x=26=26m,核型为“1B”型,核型不对称系数为56.11%;岩藿香的核型公式为:2 n=2 x=24=20 m+4 sm,核型为“2 B”型,核型不对称系数为58.50%;韩信草的核型公式为2n=2x=26=20m+6sm,核型为“2B”型,核型不对称系数为58.41%。6种黄芩属植物中,阿拉善黄芩最为进化,缙云黄芩、柳叶红茎黄芩进化程度较低。
The four Scutellaria plants of Scutellaria of Scutellaria in Jinyun Mountain National Nature Reserve were planted by conventional methods: S. tsinyunensis, S. franchetiana, S. indica and S. yunanensis var.salicifolia The karyotypes were analyzed and compared with those of reported S. baicalensis and S.alaschanica. The purpose of this study was to provide a reference for the study of the genesis and differentiation mechanism of this genus. The results showed that there were 24 chromosomes except Agastache rugosa, and the other three species were 26 chromosomes. All four species were diploid, and the chromosomes were centromeric chromosomes in the middle or near middle. The karyotypes were more symmetrical and belonged to the more primitive type. The karyotype formula of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi was: 2n = 2x = 26 = 24m + 2sm, the karyotype was “1B” and the asymmetry coefficient of karyotype was 55.28% The karyotype was “1B” and the karyotype was 56.11% at 2x = 26 = 26m. The karyotype of Agastache rugosa was 2 n = 2 x = 24 = 20 m + 4 sm and karyotype The karyotype of Hanaxucao was 2n = 2x = 26 = 20m + 6sm, the karyotype was “2B”, and the karyotype asymmetry coefficient was 58.50% For 58.41%. Of the six species of Scutellaria, the most evolution was Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, the less evolution of Scutellaria tenuiflora and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi.