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一 本文所论“社会构成”,专指阶级、阶层、层界及其社会组织。社会由单个的人集合而成,但这种集合绝非一盘散沙式的堆积。“人的本质是人的真正的社会联系”,这种社会联系在中国古代文献中被称作“群”。在社会生活中,单个人因为血缘、地缘、业缘、情缘等各种关系结合成“群”。从生产资料占有关系和社会经济地位划分,有不同的阶级、阶层;从职业分工、收入源泉、文化素养、教育程度、思想信仰等方面划分,有不同的层界。阶级、阶层、层界,均为理论抽象的概念,在现实社会系统的运作中,我们能够直接观察到的,只是代表这些阶级、阶层、层界利益和愿望的各类社会组织的活动。我们把阶级、阶层、层界及其组织,称为“社会构成”。
One article on the “social structure”, specifically refers to the class, class, strata and their social organizations. Society consists of a collection of individuals, but this collection is by no means a collection of scattered sand. “The essence of man is the real social connection of man.” This social connection is called “group” in ancient Chinese literature. In social life, a single person is combined into a “group” because of various relationships such as blood, geography, karma and love. There are different strata of different classes and strata from the possession relations of the means of production and the socio-economic status; there are different strata divided by occupational division of labor, source of income, cultural attainment, educational level, and ideological beliefs. The classes, strata, and strata are all concepts of theoretical abstraction. In the operation of the real social system, we can directly observe the activities of all kinds of social organizations that represent the interests and aspirations of these classes, strata and strata. We class, class, strata and their organization, called “social composition.”